Los ntawm José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - High-density polyethylene liners yog lub npe nrov rau kev tuav pov hwm kev ua haujlwm hauv kev pov tseg, mining, dej khib nyiab, thiab lwm yam tseem ceeb.Tsawg dua kev sib tham tab sis qhov kev ntsuam xyuas zoo yog qhov zoo tshaj cov pa roj carbon hneev taw uas HDPE geomembranes muab piv rau cov teeb meem ib txwm muaj xws li cov av nplaum compacted.
A 1.5mm (60-mil) HDPE liner tuaj yeem muab lub foob zoo ib yam li 0.6m ntawm cov khoom zoo, homogeneous compacted av nplaum thiab tawm los permeability qis dua 1 x 10-11 m / sec (ib ASTM D 5887).Lub HDPE geomembrane tom qab dhau tag nrho cov impermeability thiab sustainability ntsuas thaum ib tug soj ntsuam tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv scientific, nrog rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm tag nrho cov kev pab thiab lub zog nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov av nplaum thiab HDPE geomembranes yuav siv tau raws li ib tug barrier txheej.
Txoj hauv kev geosynthetic muab, raws li cov ntaub ntawv qhia, kev daws teeb meem ntau dua ib puag ncig.
CARBON FOOTPRINT & HDPE GEOMEMBRANE NTA
Lub ntsiab ntawm HDPE yog monomer ethylene, uas yog polymerized los ua polyethylene.Lub ntsiab catalysts yog aluminium trialkylitatanium tetrachloride thiab chromium oxide
Lub polymerization ntawm ethylene thiab co-monomers rau hauv HDPE tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub reactor nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm hydrogen ntawm qhov kub txog li 110 ° C (230 ° F).Tom qab ntawd cov hmoov HDPE tau muab tso rau hauv lub pelletizer.
SOTRAFA siv lub kaw lus calandred (fav ca tuag) los ua nws thawj HDPE geomembrane (ALVATECH HDPE) los ntawm cov pellets no.
GHG Identification thiab CO2 sib npaug
Lub tsev cog khoom gases suav nrog hauv peb qhov kev ntsuam xyuas cov pa roj carbon hneev taw yog thawj GHGs suav nrog hauv cov kev cai no: carbon dioxide, methane, thiab nitrous oxide.Txhua lub roj muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm Ntiaj Teb Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo Tshaj Plaws (GWP), uas yog ib qho kev ntsuas ntawm qhov ntau npaum li cas ntawm cov roj tsev cog khoom ua rau lub ntiaj teb sov sov lossis kev hloov pauv huab cua.
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog los ntawm kev txhais tau muab GWP ntawm 1.0.Txhawm rau kom muaj nuj nqis suav nrog kev koom tes ntawm methane thiab nitrous oxide rau tag nrho cov kev cuam tshuam, qhov loj ntawm methane thiab nitrous oxide emissions yog muab faib los ntawm lawv cov GWP yam thiab tom qab ntawd ntxiv rau cov pa roj carbon dioxide loj los xam qhov "carbon dioxide sib npaug" loj. tso pa tawm.Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm tsab xov xwm no, GWPs tau raug coj los ntawm cov txiaj ntsig tau teev tseg hauv 2010 US EPA cov lus qhia "Yuav tsum Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tshaj Tawm Txog Kev Tso Cai Tso Cai Tso Cai Tso Cai."
GWPs rau GHGs suav nrog hauv qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no:
Cov pa roj carbon dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 kg CO2 eq/Kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous Oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 kg CO2 eq/kg N2O
Siv cov txheeb ze ntawm GWPs ntawm GHGs, qhov loj ntawm carbon dioxide sib npaug (CO2eq) raug xam raws li hauv qab no:
Kg CO2 + (21.0 x kg CH4) + (310.0 x kg N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Assumption: Lub zog, dej, thiab pov tseg cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv raw (roj los yog natural gas) los ntawm kev tsim cov HDPE pellets thiab tom qab ntawd tsim geomembrane HDPE:
5 hli tuab HDPE geomembrane, nrog ceev 940 Kg / m3
HDPE carbon hneev taw yog 1.60 Kg CO2 / kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940 Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (scrap and overlaps) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE = 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Assumption Tsheb thauj mus los: 15.6 m2 / tsheb, 1000 km ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom mus rau chaw ua haujlwm
15 kg CO2 / gal diesel x gal / 3,785 litres = 2.68 Kg CO2 / liter diesel
26 g N2O/gal diesel x gal/3,785 litres x 0.31 kg CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 kg CO2 eq/liter diesel
44 g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 liters x 0.021 kg CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 kg CO2 eq/liter diesel
1 liter diesel = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 kg CO2 eq
On-Road tsheb thauj khoom emissions:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035) + (0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton-miles
Qhov twg:
E = Tag nrho CO2 sib npaug emissions (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles Traveled
EF CO2 = CO2 emission factor (0.297 kg CO2/ton-miles)
EF CH4 = CH4 emission factor (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mile)
EF N2O = N2O emission factor (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mile)
Hloov mus rau Metric Units:
0.298 kg CO2/ton-mais x 1.102 tons/tonne x mile/1.61 km = 0,204 kg CO2/tonne-km
E = TKT x 0,204 kg CO2 eq/tonne-km
Qhov twg:
E = Tag nrho CO2 sib npaug emissions (Kg)
TKT = tonne – kilometers Taug kev.
Distance from Manufacturing Plant (Sotrafa) mus rau Chaw Ua Haujlwm (Hypothetical) = 1000 km
Loaded tsheb hnyav: 15,455 kg / tsheb + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94 / tsheb = 37,451 kg / tsheb
641 lub tsheb / ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 kg/truck x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 truck/ha) x 0.204 kg CO2 eq/tonne-km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Carbon Footprint
NTAUB NTAWV NTAWM COMPACTED Clay LINERS thiab nws cov CARBON FOOTPRINT
Compacted av nplaum liners tau siv keeb kwm los ua cov txheej thaiv hauv cov dej lagoons thiab cov chaw pov tseg.Cov kev cai dav dav rau kev cog cov av nplaum yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus thickness ntawm 0.6 m, nrog rau qhov siab tshaj plaws hydraulic conductivity ntawm 1 x 10-11 m / sec.
Cov txheej txheem: av nplaum ntawm qhov qiv nyiaj yog khawb siv cov cuab yeej tsim kho, uas tseem thauj cov khoom mus rau tri-axle dump tsheb thauj mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm.Txhua lub tsheb tau xav tias muaj peev xwm ntawm 15 m3 ntawm cov av xoob.Siv qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm 1.38, nws kwv yees tias tshaj 550 lub tsheb thauj khoom ntawm cov av yuav xav tau los tsim kom muaj 0.6m tuab av nplaum liner hla ib cheeb tsam ib hectare.
Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm qhov qiv nyiaj mus rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog, ntawm chav kawm, qhov chaw tshwj xeeb thiab tuaj yeem sib txawv heev.Rau lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam no, qhov kev ncua deb ntawm 16 km (10 mais) tau kwv yees.Kev thauj mus los ntawm cov av nplaum qiv thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm yog ib feem loj ntawm tag nrho cov pa roj carbon emissions.Qhov rhiab heev ntawm tag nrho cov pa roj carbon hneev taw rau kev hloov pauv hauv qhov chaw tshwj xeeb qhov sib txawv yog tshawb nrhiav ntawm no.
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm Compacted Clay Liner Carbon Footprint
TEEB MEEM
Thaum HDPE geomembranes yeej ib txwm raug xaiv rau kev ua tau zoo ua ntej cov pa roj carbon hneev taw zoo, cov kev suav siv ntawm no ib zaug ntxiv txhawb kev siv cov tshuaj geosynthetic rau thaj tsam ntawm kev ruaj ntseg piv rau lwm yam kev tsim kho.
Geomembranes xws li ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 hli yuav raug teev rau lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog, muaj zog txhua yam khoom, thiab kev pab lub neej ntev;tab sis peb kuj yuav tsum tau siv sij hawm los lees paub tias cov khoom no muaj cov pa roj carbon hneev taw ntsuas uas yog 3x qis dua cov av nplaum.Txawm hais tias koj ntsuas cov av nplaum zoo thiab qhov chaw qiv nyiaj tsuas yog 16 km ntawm qhov project site, HDPE geomembranes los ntawm 1000 km deb tseem ua tau zoo tshaj cov av nplaum ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov pa roj carbon hneev taw.
Tau qhov twg los: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Post lub sij hawm: Sep-28-2022